安装rust
大约 4 分钟
安装rust
提示
下载程序: https://www.rust-lang.org/learn/get-started
关于包管理器
- build your project with
cargo build - run your project with
cargo run - test your project with
cargo test - build documentation for your project with
cargo doc - publish a library to crates.io with
cargo publish - To test that you have Rust and Cargo installed, you can run this in your terminal of choice:
cargo --version
基础知识
rust包管理
安装
https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install
添加镜像
rustup镜像
::: 记得先添加环境变量
$env:RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup"
$ENV:RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP=1
$env:RUSTUP_HOME='c:/users/admin/.rustup'
$env:CARGO_HOME='c:/users/admin/.cargo'
::: 安装rust前配置环境变量，指定 rustup 镜像源
清华大学
RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup
中国科学技术大学
RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static
RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup
上海交通大学
RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/rust-static/
crates镜像
字节跳动
对应的类似nvm, nrm的工具 https://github.com/wtklbm/crm 可以切换镜像源
rustup 默认会将 Rust 的工具链和 Cargo 的家目录设置在用户的主目录下的隐藏文件夹 .cargo 中。CARGO_HOME 环境变量可以被认为是依赖下载的文件夹，而 RUSTUP_HOME 环境变量是rust工具链的文件夹,注意一定要保证$CARGO_HOME/bin在path环境变量中,这样cargo才可以使用
在$HOME/.cargo/config.toml中添加
[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'ustc'
[source.ustc]
registry = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"
如果所处的环境中不允许使用 git 协议，可以把上述地址改为：
registry = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"
升级rust
rustup update stable
# 或者直接
rustup update
配置config.toml
下面是一个配置文件,路径$HOME/.cargo/config.toml
paths = ["/path/to/override"] # 覆盖 `Cargo.toml` 中通过 path 引入的本地依赖
[alias] # 命令别名
b = "build"
c = "check"
t = "test"
r = "run"
rr = "run --release"
space_example = ["run", "--release", "--", "\"command list\""]
[build]
jobs = 1 # 并行构建任务的数量，默认等于 CPU 的核心数
rustc = "rustc" # rust 编译器
rustc-wrapper = "…" # 使用该 wrapper 来替代 rustc
rustc-workspace-wrapper = "…" # 为工作空间的成员使用 该 wrapper 来替代 rustc
rustdoc = "rustdoc" # 文档生成工具
target = "triple" # 为 target triple 构建 ( `cargo install` 会忽略该选项)
target-dir = "target" # 存放编译输出结果的目录
rustflags = ["…", "…"] # 自定义flags，会传递给所有的编译器命令调用
rustdocflags = ["…", "…"] # 自定义flags，传递给 rustdoc
incremental = true # 是否开启增量编译
dep-info-basedir = "…" # path for the base directory for targets in depfiles
pipelining = true # rustc pipelining
[doc]
browser = "chromium" # `cargo doc --open` 使用的浏览器,
# 可以通过 `BROWSER` 环境变量进行重写
[env]
# Set ENV_VAR_NAME=value for any process run by Cargo
ENV_VAR_NAME = "value"
# Set even if already present in environment
ENV_VAR_NAME_2 = { value = "value", force = true }
# Value is relative to .cargo directory containing `config.toml`, make absolute
ENV_VAR_NAME_3 = { value = "relative/path", relative = true }
[cargo-new]
vcs = "none" # 所使用的 VCS ('git', 'hg', 'pijul', 'fossil', 'none')
[http]
debug = false # HTTP debugging
proxy = "host:port" # HTTP 代理，libcurl 格式
ssl-version = "tlsv1.3" # TLS version to use
ssl-version.max = "tlsv1.3" # 最高支持的 TLS 版本
ssl-version.min = "tlsv1.1" # 最小支持的 TLS 版本
timeout = 30 # HTTP 请求的超时时间，秒
low-speed-limit = 10 # 网络超时阈值 (bytes/sec)
cainfo = "cert.pem" # path to Certificate Authority (CA) bundle
check-revoke = true # check for SSL certificate revocation
multiplexing = true # HTTP/2 multiplexing
user-agent = "…" # the user-agent header
[install]
root = "/some/path" # `cargo install` 安装到的目标目录
[net]
retry = 2 # 网络重试次数
git-fetch-with-cli = true # 是否使用 `git` 命令来执行 git 操作
offline = true # 不能访问网络
[patch.<registry>]
# Same keys as for [patch] in Cargo.toml
[profile.<name>] # profile 配置，详情见"如何在 Cargo.toml 中配置 profile" : https://course.rs/cargo/reference/profiles.html#profile设置
opt-level = 0
debug = true
split-debuginfo = '...'
debug-assertions = true
overflow-checks = true
lto = false
panic = 'unwind'
incremental = true
codegen-units = 16
rpath = false
[profile.<name>.build-override]
[profile.<name>.package.<name>]
[registries.<name>] # 设置其它的注册服务： https://course.rs/cargo/reference/specify-deps.html#从其它注册服务引入依赖包
index = "…" # 注册服务索引列表的 URL
token = "…" # 连接注册服务所需的鉴权 token
[registry]
default = "…" # 默认的注册服务名称: crates.io
token = "…"
[source.<name>] # 注册服务源和替换source definition and replacement
replace-with = "…" # 使用给定的 source 来替换当前的 source，例如使用科大源来替换crates.io源以提升国内的下载速度：[source.crates-io] replace-with = 'ustc'
directory = "…" # path to a directory source
registry = "…" # 注册源的 URL ，例如科大源: [source.ustc] registry = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"
local-registry = "…" # path to a local registry source
git = "…" # URL of a git repository source
branch = "…" # branch name for the git repository
tag = "…" # tag name for the git repository
rev = "…" # revision for the git repository
[target.<triple>]
linker = "…" # linker to use
runner = "…" # wrapper to run executables
rustflags = ["…", "…"] # custom flags for `rustc`
[target.<cfg>]
runner = "…" # wrapper to run executables
rustflags = ["…", "…"] # custom flags for `rustc`
[target.<triple>.<links>] # `links` build script override
rustc-link-lib = ["foo"]
rustc-link-search = ["/path/to/foo"]
rustc-flags = ["-L", "/some/path"]
rustc-cfg = ['key="value"']
rustc-env = {key = "value"}
rustc-cdylib-link-arg = ["…"]
metadata_key1 = "value"
metadata_key2 = "value"
[term]
verbose = false # whether cargo provides verbose output
color = 'auto' # whether cargo colorizes output
progress.when = 'auto' # whether cargo shows progress bar
progress.width = 80 # width of progress bar